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GLP-1(S)

Name: GLP-1(S)
Brand: Peptide Titans
SKU: 597
Availability: InStock

Price range: $329.99 through $619.99

GLP-1(S) is a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for its activity within incretin-related metabolic pathways. In research settings, it’s explored for its potential effects on glucose regulation, appetite-related signaling, gastric emptying mechanisms, and energy balance processes. Intended for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

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Description
Additional information

Molecular Characteristics

Complete Specifications

CAS Registry Number: 910463-68-2
PubChem CID: Not available
Peptide Classification: Synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide analog
Molecular Formula: C₁₈₇H₂₉₁N₄₅O₅₉
Molecular Weight: ~4,113.6 Da

Structural Composition

Amino Acid Sequence:
31-amino-acid GLP-1 analog with targeted amino acid substitutions and C18 fatty-diacid side-chain conjugation via spacer
Length: 31 amino acids (lipidated, modified)

Physical Properties

Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
Solubility: Water, bacteriostatic water, buffered aqueous solutions (e.g., PBS)

Structural & Stability Notes

GLP-1(S) is a modified 31-amino-acid GLP-1 receptor agonist engineered with targeted amino acid substitutions to enhance resistance to enzymatic degradation under research conditions. Conjugation to a C18 fatty-diacid side chain via a spacer promotes reversible binding to circulating proteins, increasing molecular size and structural persistence compared to non-lipidated peptides. Lyophilized storage and protection from moisture, light exposure, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles help preserve structural integrity and maintain analytical consistency during laboratory applications.

Research Applications

GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Research

GLP-1(S) is utilized as a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in research studies examining incretin-associated signaling pathways and intracellular metabolic regulation. Laboratory investigations focus on its role in:

GLP-1 Receptor Activation Models: Investigation of receptor binding dynamics and cAMP-mediated intracellular cascades
Adenylate Cyclase and PKA Studies: Evaluation of second messenger amplification following receptor stimulation
Beta-Cell Signaling Research: Analysis of intracellular pathways associated with insulin-related regulatory mechanisms
Receptor Internalization Models: Examination of adaptive responsiveness and signaling duration following sustained activation
Peptide Stability Studies: Investigation of structural persistence and albumin-binding–associated pharmacokinetic properties in laboratory systems

Experimental protocols commonly employ receptor-binding assays, intracellular kinase activation analyses, and metabolic cell culture systems to characterize GLP-1(S)–mediated signaling responses.

Metabolic Regulation and Glucose Homeostasis Research

GLP-1(S) has been examined in research contexts involving systemic metabolic signaling networks and glucose-associated regulatory models. Key areas of investigation include:

Pancreatic Beta-Cell Models: Evaluation of intracellular cascades influencing insulin-associated pathways
Glucose Transport Regulation Studies: Investigation of signaling pathways influencing cellular glucose uptake mechanisms
Hypothalamic Signaling Research: Analysis of appetite-regulating neural pathways under laboratory conditions
Adipocyte Interaction Models: Research into coordinated pathways influencing lipid-associated intracellular regulation
Energy Balance Studies: Examination of integrated signaling systems governing substrate utilization models

These studies utilize metabolic profiling assays, hormone quantification systems, and intracellular signaling analyses to evaluate incretin-associated regulatory outcomes.

Cardiometabolic and Vascular Signaling Research

GLP-1(S) has also been explored in research models examining cardiovascular-associated signaling and vascular regulatory mechanisms, including:

Endothelial Signaling Studies: Evaluation of intracellular cascades associated with nitric oxide–linked pathways
Inflammatory Pathway Models: Investigation of cytokine-associated signaling within vascular systems
Oxidative Stress Research: Analysis of redox-associated intracellular regulatory mechanisms
Cell Survival Signaling Studies: Examination of MAPK and PI3K-AKT cascades in cardiometabolic models

Laboratory protocols assess endothelial marker expression, intracellular kinase activation, and metabolic enzyme activity using biochemical and molecular techniques.

Cellular Signaling and Incretin Network Research

Additional research applications explore GLP-1(S)’s influence on intracellular regulatory systems involved in coordinated incretin signaling and systemic metabolic balance, including:

MAPK and ERK Pathway Studies: Investigation of downstream cascades associated with GLP-1 receptor activation
Gene Expression Profiling: Analysis of transcriptional responses linked to metabolic regulatory systems
Receptor Sensitivity Research: Examination of adaptive signaling modulation within GLP-1 receptor systems
Integrated Endocrine Feedback Models: Analysis of coordinated hormonal signaling pathways maintaining metabolic equilibrium

Research in this domain focuses on understanding how GLP-1(S) influences GLP-1 receptor–mediated signaling pathways, systemic metabolic regulatory networks, and adaptive cellular responses under controlled experimental conditions.

Laboratory Handling and Storage Protocols

Lyophilized Powder Storage

Store at –20°C to –80°C in the original, sealed vial
Protect from light exposure and moisture
A desiccated storage environment is recommended
Stability data suggests extended stability when stored at −20 °C or below.

Reconstitution Guidelines

Reconstitute using sterile water, bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol), or an appropriate laboratory buffer
Introduce solvent slowly along the vial wall to minimize foaming
Mix using gentle swirling; avoid vigorous agitation or shaking
Allow complete dissolution prior to use (typically 1–2 minutes)
Target a final solution pH of 7.0–8.0 for optimal stability

Reconstituted Solution Storage

Short-term storage: Up to 7 days at 4°C
Long-term storage: Store at –20°C in aliquots
Use single-use aliquots to preserve peptide integrity
Minimize freeze–thaw cycles; single-use aliquots are strongly recommended

Stability Characteristics

GLP-1(S) is a synthetic modified peptide research compound designed with extended structural features for enhanced stability. Stability depends on proper cold storage of the lyophilized material, protection from light, careful reconstitution, and minimized freeze–thaw exposure. When handled according to standard peptide laboratory protocols, GLP-1(S) maintains structural integrity and solubility suitable for in vitro and analytical research applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GLP-1(S)?

GLP-1(S) is a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide used to investigate incretin signaling and metabolic regulatory pathways.

What is GLP-1(S) commonly researched for?

In laboratory and preclinical models, GLP-1(S) is studied for:

GLP-1 receptor activation research
Incretin pathway signaling investigations
Metabolic and endocrine pathway models
Insulin and glucagon regulatory mechanism studies
Energy balance signaling research

All applications are exploratory and conducted in controlled research environments.

How does GLP-1(S) differ from GLP-2(T) (Tirzepatide)?

GLP-1(S) is a single-receptor GLP-1 agonist, whereas GLP-2(T) (Tirzepatide) is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. Their receptor interaction profiles differ in experimental models.

How does GLP-1(S) differ from GLP-3(R) (Retatrutide)?

GLP-1(S) targets only the GLP-1 receptor, while GLP-3(R) (Retatrutide) is studied as a triple agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors in research models.

Is GLP-1(S) a peptide?

Yes. GLP-1(S) is a synthetic peptide analog developed for receptor-targeted metabolic research.

How is GLP-1(S) supplied?

GLP-1(S) is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder in sealed research vials to maintain stability during storage and shipment.

How should unreconstituted GLP-1(S) be stored?

Lyophilized GLP-1(S) should be stored:

Long-term: −20 °C to −80 °C
Short-term: 2–8 °C

Keep vials sealed and protected from light and moisture until use.

How should reconstituted GLP-1(S) be handled and stored?

Once reconstituted:

Store at 2–8 °C for short-term laboratory use
For extended storage, aliquot and freeze at −20 °C or below
Minimize freeze–thaw cycles using single-use aliquots
Gently swirl to mix; avoid vigorous agitation

Does GLP-1(S) require a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?

Yes. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) should be available for each batch, verifying peptide identity, purity, and analytical testing results to ensure research quality and traceability.

Is GLP-1(S) FDA-approved?

When sold as a research compound, GLP-1(S) is not FDA-approved for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumption purposes and must be marketed strictly for laboratory research use.

⚠️ Research Use Only

This product is not for human consumption. It is sold strictly for research and educational purposes and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Any clinical data or research information referenced on this page is derived from peer-reviewed scientific literature and official publications. This information is provided for educational reference only and does not constitute medical advice or product claims.

By purchasing this product, you acknowledge that you are a qualified researcher and agree to use it in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.