For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. This is educational reference information, not medical advice.
Research Database / Peptides / LL-37
LL-37 · Cathelicidin LL-37

LL-37

Peptide Fragments
Overview Research Publications Laboratory FAQ References
Overview
Scientific nameCathelicidin LL-37
SynonymsCAP-18 fragment
AbbreviationLL-37
CAS Number154947-66-7
Molecular formulaC205H340N60O53
Molecular weight4493 g/mol (average)
Sequence (one-letter)LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
Length37 residues
PubChem CID16198951
2D / 3D structure
2D chemical structure of LL-37

Interactive sequence

Select a residue to see its amino acid.
Research Summary

Mechanisms under investigation

The following are areas of ongoing preclinical investigation. They describe hypotheses and observations reported in the literature, not established clinical effects.

Evidence tiers below reflect how much has been studied in each model type. Counts describe research volume — they do not indicate proven efficacy, safety, or clinical consensus.

Evidence base (transparent counts)

Cellular studies 0 publications
Animal studies 1 publication
Human observational reports 1 publication
Controlled human trials 0 publications
Review articles 3 publications
Publication Library

Selected literature

Filter by study model. Each record is classified for the evidence base above.

2024
Observational analysis of LL-37 expression measured in human breast implant capsule tissue specimens.Human · human · PubMed (37220260)
2023
Review summarizing laboratory reports of LL-37 activity against microbial biofilm formation and structure.Review · PubMed (36781570)
2023
Review of published in vitro findings on LL-37 interactions with fungal species and outstanding research questions.Review · PubMed (38057654)
2023
Preclinical rat study examining intestinal barrier and organ function measures in a heat stroke model following LL-37 administration.Animal · rat · PubMed (36958193)
2016
Review of the membrane pore-forming behavior of human cathelicidin LL-37 and its reported interactions with host cells.Review · PubMed (26556394)

Each record maps to a structured evidence row with study model, species, and support level.

Laboratory Information

Handling and reference

Molecular weight calculator

Average-mass estimate from a one-letter sequence.

Reconstitution calculator

Laboratory concentration only. Not dosing guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions
What is LL-37?
LL-37 is a research compound; the identity and structure data shown here are compiled from public chemical databases (primarily PubChem). For laboratory research use only.
What research models has it been studied in?
The literature indexed here is predominantly cellular (in vitro) and animal studies. See the evidence base and publication library above for the transparent counts by study model.
Is there controlled human clinical trial evidence?
Controlled human clinical trials are counted separately in the evidence base above. Cellular and animal findings do not establish human clinical effects.
How is it stored and handled in a laboratory?
Refer to the laboratory information section above.
Is this intended for human use?
No. All information and materials are for laboratory research use only — not for human or veterinary use, and not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Documentation

Research material & documentation

This profile is an educational reference. Lot-level laboratory documentation for materials supplied by Peptide Titans is published openly.

LL-37 research material →  ·  Lot-specific Certificates of Analysis →  ·  How lots are tested →

References and Citation

Evidence records

  1. Observational analysis of LL-37 expression measured in human breast implant capsule tissue specimens. (2024) — observational — PubMed.
  2. Review summarizing laboratory reports of LL-37 activity against microbial biofilm formation and structure. (2023) — review — PubMed.
  3. Review of published in vitro findings on LL-37 interactions with fungal species and outstanding research questions. (2023) — review — PubMed.
  4. Preclinical rat study examining intestinal barrier and organ function measures in a heat stroke model following LL-37 administration. (2023) — in vivo — PubMed.
  5. Review of the membrane pore-forming behavior of human cathelicidin LL-37 and its reported interactions with host cells. (2016) — review — PubMed.

Every record carries a study model, species, support level and review status in the evidence table.

Citation generator

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For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Educational reference information — not medical advice.