For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. This is educational reference information, not medical advice.
Research Database / Peptides / Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 · Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin)

Thymosin Alpha-1

Immune & Thymic Health
Overview Research Publications Laboratory FAQ References
Overview
Scientific nameThymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin)
SynonymsZadaxin
AbbreviationThymosin Alpha-1
CAS Number62304-98-7
Molecular formulaC129H215N33O55
Molecular weight3108.3 g/mol (average)
Sequence (one-letter)SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN
Length28 residues
PubChem CID16130571
2D / 3D structure
2D chemical structure of Thymosin Alpha-1

Interactive sequence

Select a residue to see its amino acid.
Research Summary

Mechanisms under investigation

The following are areas of ongoing preclinical investigation. They describe hypotheses and observations reported in the literature, not established clinical effects.

Evidence tiers below reflect how much has been studied in each model type. Counts describe research volume — they do not indicate proven efficacy, safety, or clinical consensus.

Evidence base (transparent counts)

Cellular studies 2 publications
Animal studies 2 publications
Human observational reports 0 publications
Controlled human trials 1 publication
Review articles 2 publications

Research timeline

  • 1980 — Early laboratory characterization and peptide synthesis reported.
  • 1995 — Initial in vitro mechanistic studies in cultured cell models.
  • 2010 — Expanded preclinical animal-model investigations of biological endpoints.
  • 2020 — Continued mechanistic, cellular, and review literature synthesis.
Publication Library

Selected literature

Filter by study model. Each record is classified for the evidence base above.

2024
Phenotypic drug discovery perspective on thymosin alpha-1 therapeutic utilityReview · PubMed (38903817)
2020
Protects against CTLA-4 intestinal immunopathology in murine modelsAnimal · mouse · PubMed (32817121)
2020
Comprehensive review of thymosin alpha-1 immunomodulatory literatureReview · PubMed (33362999)
2010
Immunomodulatory and host-defense effects in preclinical infection modelsAnimal · mouse · PubMed (20699109)
2007
Enhances dendritic cell differentiation and maturation from human monocytes in vitroCellular · cell culture · PubMed (17532057)
2004
Modulates murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation and functionCellular · cell culture · PubMed (15099531)
1998
Randomized trial of thymosin alpha-1 in chronic hepatitis B (virological response)Trial · human · PubMed (9581695)

Each record maps to a structured evidence row with study model, species, and support level.

Laboratory Information

Handling and reference

Molecular weight calculator

Average-mass estimate from a one-letter sequence.

Reconstitution calculator

Laboratory concentration only. Not dosing guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions
What is Thymosin Alpha-1?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a research compound; the identity and structure data shown here are compiled from public chemical databases (primarily PubChem). For laboratory research use only.
What research models has it been studied in?
The literature indexed here is predominantly cellular (in vitro) and animal studies. See the evidence base and publication library above for the transparent counts by study model.
Is there controlled human clinical trial evidence?
Controlled human clinical trials are counted separately in the evidence base above. Cellular and animal findings do not establish human clinical effects.
How is it stored and handled in a laboratory?
Refer to the laboratory information section above.
Is this intended for human use?
No. All information and materials are for laboratory research use only — not for human or veterinary use, and not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
References and Citation

Evidence records

  1. Phenotypic drug discovery perspective on thymosin alpha-1 therapeutic utility (2024) — review — PubMed.
  2. Protects against CTLA-4 intestinal immunopathology in murine models (2020) — in vivo — PubMed.
  3. Comprehensive review of thymosin alpha-1 immunomodulatory literature (2020) — review — PubMed.
  4. Immunomodulatory and host-defense effects in preclinical infection models (2010) — in vivo — PubMed.
  5. Enhances dendritic cell differentiation and maturation from human monocytes in vitro (2007) — in vitro — PubMed.
  6. Modulates murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation and function (2004) — in vitro — PubMed.

Every record carries a study model, species, support level and review status in the evidence table.

Citation generator

Loading citation...

Explore the full research database

Browse peptide profiles, publications, and laboratory references — all research-only.

For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Educational reference information — not medical advice.