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SS-31

Name: SS-31
Brand: Peptide Titans
SKU: 897
Availability: InStock

Original price was: $249.99.Current price is: $209.99.

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide studied for its role in mitochondrial function and cellular energy regulation. In research settings, it’s explored for interactions with cardiolipin stabilization, oxidative stress reduction, and ATP production pathways. Intended for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

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Molecular Characteristics

Complete Specifications

CAS Registry Number: 736992-21-5
PubChem CID: 11245627
Peptide Classification: Synthetic tetrapeptide (mitochondria-targeting peptide)
Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
Molecular Weight: ~639.80 Da

Structural Composition

Amino Acid Sequence:
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine)
Length: 4 amino acids (modified tetrapeptide)

Physical Properties

Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
Solubility: Water, bacteriostatic water, buffered aqueous solutions (e.g., PBS)

Structural & Stability Notes

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide containing both standard and non-natural amino acid residues, including D-amino acids and 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine, which contribute to enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation under research conditions. Its small size and cationic nature support efficient cellular interaction and strong aqueous solubility. Lyophilized storage under cold, dry conditions is recommended. Protection from moisture, light exposure, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles helps preserve structural integrity and maintain analytical consistency during laboratory applications.

Research Applications

Mitochondrial Function and Bioenergetics Research

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is utilized as a mitochondria-targeting peptide in research studies examining bioenergetic regulation and inner mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Laboratory investigations focus on its role in:

Cardiolipin Interaction Models: Investigation of peptide binding dynamics within mitochondrial inner membrane structures
Electron Transport Chain Studies: Evaluation of signaling pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation efficiency
ATP Production Research: Analysis of intracellular mechanisms influencing cellular energy output
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Models: Examination of electrochemical gradient regulation and stability
Peptide Stability Studies: Investigation of structural persistence and mitochondrial targeting efficiency in laboratory systems

Experimental protocols commonly employ mitochondrial assays, cellular respiration measurements, and bioenergetic profiling techniques to characterize SS-31–mediated responses.

Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling Research

SS-31 has been examined in research contexts involving oxidative stress regulation and redox-associated intracellular signaling pathways. Key areas of investigation include:

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Models: Evaluation of intracellular signaling associated with oxidative balance
Antioxidant Pathway Studies: Investigation of cellular defense mechanisms within mitochondrial systems
Lipid Peroxidation Research: Analysis of membrane-associated oxidative signaling processes
Apoptosis Regulation Models: Research into mitochondrial signaling pathways influencing cell survival
Redox Homeostasis Studies: Examination of coordinated intracellular signaling maintaining oxidative equilibrium

These studies utilize oxidative biomarker assays, mitochondrial imaging techniques, and intracellular signaling analyses to evaluate redox regulatory outcomes.

Cellular Energy and Metabolic Signaling Research

SS-31 has also been explored in research models examining cellular energy regulation and metabolic-associated intracellular pathways, including:

AMPK Pathway Models: Evaluation of energy-sensing signaling mechanisms within cellular systems
Mitochondrial Biogenesis Studies: Investigation of transcriptional pathways associated with organelle replication
Substrate Utilization Research: Analysis of intracellular mechanisms influencing metabolic efficiency
Metabolic Stress Adaptation Studies: Examination of cellular responses to energy demand fluctuations

Laboratory protocols assess metabolic enzyme activity, transcriptional markers, and intracellular signaling cascades using biochemical and molecular techniques.

Cellular Signaling and Mitochondrial Network Research

Additional research applications explore SS-31’s influence on intracellular regulatory systems involved in mitochondrial coordination and cellular homeostasis, including:

MAPK and PI3K-AKT Pathway Studies: Investigation of cascades associated with cellular survival signaling
Gene Expression Profiling: Analysis of transcriptional responses linked to mitochondrial regulation
Mitochondrial Dynamics Research: Examination of fusion, fission, and structural adaptation processes
Integrated Bioenergetic Network Models: Analysis of coordinated signaling systems maintaining cellular energy equilibrium

Research in this domain focuses on understanding how SS-31 influences mitochondrial signaling pathways, bioenergetic regulation, and adaptive cellular responses under controlled experimental conditions.

Laboratory Handling and Storage Protocols

Lyophilized Powder Storage

Store at –20°C to –80°C in the original, sealed vial
Protect from light exposure and moisture
A desiccated storage environment is recommended
Stability data suggests extended stability when stored at −20 °C or below.

Reconstitution Guidelines

Reconstitute using sterile water, bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol), or an appropriate laboratory buffer
Introduce solvent slowly along the vial wall to minimize foaming
Mix using gentle swirling; avoid vigorous agitation or shaking
Allow complete dissolution prior to use (typically 1–2 minutes)
Ensure the final solution is within a physiologically neutral pH range appropriate for laboratory use

Reconstituted Solution Storage

Short-term storage: Up to 7 days at 4°C
Long-term storage: Store at –20°C in aliquots
Use single-use aliquots to preserve peptide integrity
Minimize freeze–thaw cycles; single-use aliquots are strongly recommended

Stability Characteristics

Selank is a synthetic peptide research compound that demonstrates stable handling characteristics when managed according to standard peptide laboratory protocols. Proper cold storage of the lyophilized material, careful reconstitution, and minimized freeze–thaw exposure help maintain structural integrity and solubility. When handled appropriately, Selank supports consistent use in in vitro and analytical research applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?

SS-31 is a synthetic mitochondrial-targeting tetrapeptide developed for experimental research involving mitochondrial structure and function.

What is SS-31 commonly researched for?

In laboratory and preclinical models, SS-31 is studied for:

Mitochondrial membrane interaction research
Cardiolipin-associated pathway investigations
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) models
Cellular energy production and bioenergetics studies
Mitochondrial signaling and stability mechanisms

All applications are exploratory and conducted in controlled research environments.

How does SS-31 differ from other mitochondrial compounds like MOTS-c?

SS-31 is designed to directly interact with mitochondrial membranes, whereas peptides like MOTS-c are encoded by mitochondrial DNA and are studied for metabolic signaling pathways. Their mechanisms differ significantly in research models.

Is SS-31 naturally occurring?

No. SS-31 is a synthetically engineered peptide and does not occur naturally in biological systems.

How is SS-31 supplied?

SS-31 is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder in sealed research vials to preserve stability during storage and shipment.

How should unreconstituted SS-31 be stored?

Lyophilized Selank should be stored:

Long-term: −20 °C to −80 °C
Short-term: 2–8 °C

Keep vials sealed and protected from light and moisture until use.

How should reconstituted SS-31 be handled and stored?

Once reconstituted:

Store at 2–8 °C for short-term laboratory use
For extended storage, aliquot and freeze at −20 °C or below
Minimize freeze–thaw cycles using single-use aliquots
Gently swirl to mix; avoid vigorous agitation

Does SS-31 require a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?

Yes. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) should be available for each batch, verifying peptide identity, purity, and analytical testing results to ensure research quality and traceability.

Is SS-31 FDA-approved?

Research-grade SS-31 (Elamipretide) is not FDA-approved as a drug, supplement, or therapeutic product. It is sold exclusively as a research compound and must not be marketed or used for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumption purposes.

⚠️ Research Use Only

This product is not for human consumption. It is sold strictly for research and educational purposes and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Any clinical data or research information referenced on this page is derived from peer-reviewed scientific literature and official publications. This information is provided for educational reference only and does not constitute medical advice or product claims.

By purchasing this product, you acknowledge that you are a qualified researcher and agree to use it in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.